Publications - International Biomass and Agriculture: sustainability, markets and policies

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FOREWORD

The OECD Workshop on Biomass and Agriculture, hosted by the Austrian authorities. was held on 10-13 June 2~J3 in Vienna. The Workshop was part of the OECD work programme on agriculture and the environment under the auspices of the Joint Working Party on Agriculture and the Environment (JWP). It offered an opportunity to share knowledge and experiences on a range of issues regarding biomass and agriculture, in particular the Workshop:

• Examined the sustainability - economic, environmental, social - dimensions of agricultural biomass production and use.
• Reviewed current policy and market approaches used by OECD countries to promote agricultural biomass and use.
• Explored possible policy options and market approaches to address policy and market failures in agricultural biomass markets.

Over 100 participants, including representatives from 24 OECD countries and two non-OECD countries, attended. In addition, there were participants from academia, and a range of international government and non-governmental organisations, representing farmers. consumers, biomass associations, agri-business and environmental interests.

The Workshop covered two broad themes: examining the contribution of agricultural biomass to sustainability: and the policy approaches, including market-based initiatives, impacts and options for developing agricultural biomass. Each theme was explored in depth supported by specific country examples, with background to the discussions provided by general overview papers. Included in the Workshop was a one-day study visilt to various agricultural bioenergy plants and related research facilities.

In this collection of papers the reader will find a wealth of material relating to agricultural biomass, bioenergy and biomaterials in OECD countries. It is hoped this book will contribute to the current and future debate on agricultural biomass, particularly in the context of agricultural policy reform and the advancement of policies for sustainable development. It is not an exhaustive analysis of the issues- Many questions and issues remain, with the need for further multi-disciplined analysis.

This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary

OVERVIEWS

Agriculture, Biomass, Sustainability and Policy: an Overview

Biomass, Bioenergy and Riomaterials: Future Prospects

Energy from Biomass: a Promising Option for a Future Sustainable Energy System

An Overview of Biomaterials

Part I BIOMASS AND AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENIAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS

I. Economic Dimension

The Triple Bottom Line Benefits of Bioenergy for the Community

International Energy Agency (IEA) Biofuels Study - Interim Report: Results and Key Messages So Far

The Brazilian Ethanol Programme - Impacts on World Ethanol and Sugar Markets

The Possibility of Agricultural Biomass Utilisation in Japan

Energy Crops in Flemish Agriculture: Possibilities and Limits

2. Environmental Dimension

A Framework for Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Biofuel Use

Utilisation of Grass for Production of Fibres, Protein, and Energy

Linking Bioenergy with Carbon Storage: a Sequential Decision Approach to the Threat of Abrupt Climate Change

The Effects of Bioenergy Crops on Farmland Birds in the United Kingdom - a Review of Current Knowledge and Future Predictions

Powerswitch! The Role of Bioelectricity in the Future of Sustainable Energy

Harvesting Energy with Fertilisers

Potential for Agricultural Biomass to Produce Bioenergy in the Czech Republic

Emissions from Biogas Plants in Austria Biogas Production from Pig Slurry in Korea

3. Social Dimension

Integrated Renewable Energy Farms for Sustainable Development in Rural Communities

Small-sized Commercial Bioenergy Technologies as an Instrument of Rural Development

A Global Bioenergy Network and its Impact on OECD Countries

Agriculture and Renewable Resource Chains in Wallonia

Key Factors for the Successful Market Development of Bioenergy - Experiences from Austria

Part II BIOMASS AND AGRICULTURE: POLICY APPROACHES, IMPACTS AND OPTIONS

I. Europe

European Commission Policies for the Promotion of Bioenergv

Renewable Raw Materials and European Union Research Policy

Biomass from Agriculture: the Viewpoint of European Farmers

Austrian Policy Approaches Towards Biomass in Agriculture

Bioenergy Policies and Tools in Belgium

Agricultural Biomass in Greece: Current and Future Trends

Long-term Perspective of the Use of Biomass for Energy in Hungary as a Part of the European Union Accession Procedure

Review of Current Policy Approaches Towards Bioenergy Production from Agriculture in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland: a Perspective

Favourable Policy Conditions to the Development of Biogas Production as a Sustainable Form of Energy in Luxembourg

Bioenergy and Agriculture: the Norwegian Policy Perspective

State of the Art of Bioenergy in Poland - Barriers and Opportunities

Conditions for Increased Market Penetration of Short Rotation Coppice for Energy Purposes in Sweden

Biomass Use and Potential in Turkey

United Kingdom Government Energy Policy: Aims and Support for Sustainable Energy Production

2. North America

The Canadian Situation - Biomass and Agriculture

United States Support for the Agricultural Production of Biomass: the Challenge of Integrating Energy, Agricultural, Environmental and Economic Policies

A Vision and Roadmap for the Bioeconomy in Iowa (United States)

Genencor and the Biobased Economy of the Future: an International Biotechnology Companys Perspective on Biomass and Agriculture

The Australian Approach to Biomass

The New Zealand Policy Approach to Enhance Bioenergy

Biomass Nippon Strategy in Japan - Why "Biomass Nippon" Now?