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JOULE JOR3-CT97-0178
Optimised combustion of biomass and biomass-waste fuels in stoker-fired boilers |
| Type of Project | Shared Cost | |
| Contract No | JOR3-CT97-0178 | |
| EC Contribution | 850,500 ECU | |
| Start Date | 01/12/97 | |
| Duration | 36 Months |
Optimised combustion of biomass and biomass-waste fuels in stoker-fired boilers
Objectives
In order to increase the use of biomass for heat and power generation the present project aims to develop and optimise an appropriate combustion concept with low emissions of CO, hydrocarbons and NOx. An experimental method for the characterisation of the fuel properties of wood chips will be developed. The result of the experimental and theoretical investigations will be the development and design of a Controlled Multi Air Staging Technique (CMAST) applicable for small and medium scale grate-firing systems. The operating ability and reliability of co-combustion of biomass and waste-derived fuels in grate firing boilers will be tested and demonstrated.
Technical Approach
On the basis of detailed fuel characterisations a numerical model of the fuel-bed behaviour and the release of gases from a biomass fuel bed on a fixed or moving grate will be developed. The model will be validated by measurements obtained during the project as well as by published data. To facilitate further numerical studies on combustion behaviour and to optimise biomass grate firing systems, the developed model will be coupled with the commercial software code FLUENT. A small-scale grate-firing test rig (~ 200 kWth) will be installed to facilitate the development and optimisation of the CMAST concept. The optimisation of the air staged combustion technique will be supported by numerical studies of design and operational parameters, e.g. number of staging levels, air distribution, etc.. Subsequently the effectiveness of the CMAST concept will be demonstrated under operational conditions on an existing, commercially operated biomass grate firing system (~ 500 kW th). During combustion tests, on full scale grate firing systems using biomass and biomass/waste fuels, measurements of gas emissions will be carried out in order to investigate the influence of the biomass/waste ratio on the emission release. Tools for the optimisation of operation and reliability of the co-combustion process will be developed and applied. For analysis and optimisation of the operating performance of biomass-fuelled grate firing systems about 20 existing systems will be characterised by detailed fuel analysis and gas emission measurements. The results of this study will be used for the validation of the developed biomass fuel bed model. They will also be compared with results obtained by combustion tests using the same fuels within a bubbling fluidised bed test facility in order to identify the more applicable combustion concept for various biomass fuels.
Expected Results
By studying the characteristics of the fuels and investigating the physical and other properties of the fuel bed (fluid dynamics, temperatures and gas emissions) a more detailed and deeper understanding of the combustion behaviour of different fuels in grate firing systems will be obtained. Furthermore, it is expected that with the proposed CMAST concept installed in small-scale grate firing systems, a considerable reduction of gaseous emissions will be obtained. On the basis of the results of these investigations it will be possible to define general guidelines for grate firing systems with low emissions. The results obtained, showing clean thermal utilisation of biomass and biomass/waste fuels can increase the acceptance of grate firing systems in Europe. The direct participation of partners with strong positions as boiler manufacturers as well as potential users ensures direct application of the results. The advanced multi-level air staging technique as well as the other results can be used directly by the industrial partners involved in this project.
Contacts
Coordinator
Participant
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