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FAIR-CT97-3409
EUR 18913 / EUR 20341: Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Handbook Vol 1 & Vol 2 |
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ISBN 1 872691 47 1 EUR 20341 Published June 2002 |
ISBN 1 872691 07 2 EUR 18913 Published July 1999 |
Summary
Fast pyrolysis is a high temperature process in which biomass is rapidly heated in the absence of oxygen. As a result it decomposes to generate mostly vapours and aerosols and some charcoal. After cooling and condensation, a dark brown mobile liquid is formed which has a heating value about half that of conventional fuel oil. While it is related to the traditional pyrolysis processes for making charcoal, fast pyrolysis is an advanced process that is carefully controlled to give high yields of liquid.
The essential features of a fast pyrolysis process are: very high heating and heat transfer rates, which usually requires a finely ground biomass feed; carefully controlled pyrolysis reaction temperature of around 500C in the vapour phase, with short vapour residence times of typically less than 2 seconds; rapid cooling of the pyrolysis vapours to give the main product - bio-oil.
About the books
Volume 1 is an edited and updated version of the final report of the IEA Bioenergy sponsored Pyrolysis Activity - PYRA - that officially finished in 1998 and accomplished many valuable contributions to the science and technology of fast pyrolysis. Volume 2 is the edited version of the final report of PyNe ( FAIR-CT97-3409) that officially finished in 2001. It is intended that these handbooks will provide a useful guide both to newcomers to the subject area as well as those already involved in research, development and implementation.
The IEA Bioenergy Pyrolysis Task has continued this work as a collaborative project with the European Commission network on fast pyrolysis of biomass, which is now known as PyNe. The European Network was first formed in 1995 as an EC sponsored project in the AIR Programme ( AIR3-CT94-1857). At the end of the three-year lives of the Networks in 1997, both sponsoring organisations recognised the benefits from their integration. This led to the present PyNe Network, which is co-sponsored by the European Commission FAIR Programme ( FAIR-CT97-3409) and IEA Bioenergy, and which itself sponsored the publication of this book as a contribution to the technology.
PyNe is continuing for a third term, again sponsored by the European Commission and IEA Bioenergy and again as a firmly integrated activity between the two organisations. It is now associated with an analogous network on gasification, GasNet, and the two networks will work closely together as ThermoNet to maximise the benefits from integration.
It is important to recognise that the Networks are genuinely collaborative efforts and the support and contributions of the many people involved over the last four years is much appreciated.
Volume 1: Contents
Chapter 1. An Introduction to Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for Fuels and
Chemicals
A.V. Bridgwater
Chapter 2. Overview of Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for the Production of
Liquid Fuels
J.P. Diebold, A.V. Bridgwater
Chapter 3. IEA Pyrolysis Fundamentals Review (Active Research Groups
Appended)
J. Piskorz, G.V.C. Peacocke, A.V. Bridgwater
Chapter 4. The Nature and Properties of Intermediate and Unvaporized
Biomass Pyrolysis Materials
J. Lédé, J.P. Diebold,
G.V.C. Peacocke, J. Piskorz
Chapter 5. Storage and Handling of Flash Pyrolysis Oil
J.
Leech, A. Webster
Chapter 6. Testing Standard Methods
A. Oasmaa
Chapter 7. Properties of Fast Pyrolysis Liquids: Status of Test Methods
D. Meier, A. Oasmaa, G.V.C. Peacocke
Chapter 8. New Methods for Chemical and Physical Characterization and
Round Robin Testing
D. Meier
Chapter 9. Proposed Specifications for Various Grades of Pyrolysis Oils
J.P. Diebold, T.A. Milne, S. Czernik, A. Oasmaa, A.V. Bridgwater,
A. Cuevas, S. Gust, D. Huffman, J. Piskorz
Chapter 10. Environment, Health and Safety
S. Czernik
Chapter 11. Determination of Biodegradation Rates of Bio-Oil by
Respirometry
J. Piskorz, D. Radlein
Chapter 12. A Review of the Toxicity of Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Formed
at Low Temperatures
J.P. Diebold
Chapter 13. The Production of Chemicals from Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oils
D. Radlein
Volume 2: Contents
Chapter 1. The Status of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis
A. V. Bridgwater, S. Czernik, J. Piskorz 1
Chapter 2. Analysis, Characterisation and Test Methods of Fast Pyrolysis Liquids
A. Oasmaa, D. Meier
Chapter 3. Pyrolysis Liquids Analyses - The Results of IEA-EU Round Robin
A. Oasmaa, D. Meier
Chapter 4. Summary of the Analytical Methods Available for Chemical Analysis of Pyrolysis Liquids
D. Meier
Chapter 5. Environment, Health and Safety Aspects Related to Fast Pyrolysis Oils - A Guideline to Notify a New Substance
P. Girard, C. Diez
Chapter 6. Implementation Subject Group Report
M. Lauer
Chapter 7. Fundamentals, Mechanisms and Science of Pyrolysis
J. Piskorz
Chapter 8. Review of Methods for Upgrading Biomass-derived Fast Pyrolysis Oils
S. Czernik, R. Maggi, G.V.C. Peacocke
Chapter 9. Production, Properties and Use of Wood Pyrolysis Oil - A brief review of the work carried out at research and production centres of the former USSR from 1960 to 1990
G. Dobele
Chapter 10. Study of Levoglucosan Production - A Review
D. Radlein
Chapter 11. A Review of the Chemical and Physical Mechanisms of the Storage Stability of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils
J.P. Diebold
Chapter 12. Transport, Handling and Storage of Fast Pyrolysis Liquids
G.V.C. Peacocke
Chapter 13. Evaluation of Bio-Energy Projects
P. Thornley, E. Wright
Chapter 14. Radiant Flash Pyrolysis of Cellulose - Evidence for the Formation of Short Life Time Liquid Species and Experimental Determination of Mass Balances
O. Boutin, J. Lédé
Chapter 15. Formulation and Application of Biomass Pyrolysis Models for Process Design and Development
C. Di Blasi
Chapter 16. Pyrolysis of Cellulose - From Oligosaccharides to Synthesis Gas
J. Piskorz, D. Radlein, P. Majerski, D.S. Scott
Chapter 17. Gas Production from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass
L. Garcia, M.L. Salvador, R. Bilbao, J. Arauzo
Chapter 18. Fractional Vacuum Pyrolysis of Biomass and Separation of Phenolic Compounds by Steam Distillation
J Népo Murwanashyaka, H Pakdel and C Roy
Author index
Subject index
Contacts
Author
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